Discussion
Which irreversible process dominates the atmospheric entropy budget?
Answer: D
Absorbing solar radiation at about 5800 kelvin and re-emitting it at about 255 kelvin is by far the largest entropy generating process in the climate system, dwarfing the mechanical dissipation. The Earth exports entropy to space at a rate that balances this production. Mechanical dissipation and mixing are significant within the atmosphere but small in comparison with the radiative term. Most errors here come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring case where it does not hold.
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