Discussion
Which quantity does the Carnot efficiency bound?
Answer: C
The Carnot efficiency, one minus the ratio of the cold to the hot absolute temperature, is the maximum fraction of the absorbed heat that any engine can convert into work. For the atmosphere with 300 and 250 kelvin it is about 17 per cent, against an observed conversion near 1 per cent. The gap reflects the irreversibility of the actual heat transfer. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.
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