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Which reservoir supplies the atmosphere with available potential energy?

  • A.Differential heating between low and high latitudes
  • B.The kinetic energy of the zonal mean flow, which is converted into potential energy as the eddies decay away
  • C.Frictional dissipation
  • D.The latent heat carried poleward by the eddies, which is released as the air ascends within the storm tracks

Answer: A

Heating in the tropics and cooling at high latitudes continually creates the horizontal temperature gradient from which available potential energy derives, and that is the source term for the whole Lorenz cycle. Friction is the sink at the other end. Latent heat release is an important internal transfer rather than the ultimate source.

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