Discussion
Which rearrangement defines the reference state for that calculation?
Answer: C
The reference state is obtained by rearranging the mass adiabatically until every isentropic surface is horizontal, which minimises the total potential energy at fixed entropy distribution. The difference between the actual and reference potential energies is the available portion. Isothermal or fully mixed states would change the entropy and are therefore not reachable adiabatically. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.
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