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Which conversion dominates the observed cycle?

  • A.Latent heat directly into zonal kinetic energy through the release of buoyancy within tropical convection
  • B.Zonal to eddy available potential energy
  • C.Zonal kinetic energy directly into eddy kinetic energy, with no potential energy being involved at any stage
  • D.Eddy kinetic to zonal available potential energy

Answer: B

The baroclinic conversion driven by the poleward eddy heat flux is the largest term and is the first step of the dominant pathway. It is followed by conversion to eddy kinetic energy and then, during barotropic decay, to zonal kinetic energy. Direct conversion from zonal to eddy kinetic energy is small and often of the opposite sign.

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