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Which coordinate is used within an isentropic surface for such studies?

  • A.The Montgomery streamfunction, whose contours are the streamlines of the geostrophic flow on the surface
  • B.Equivalent latitude based on potential vorticity
  • C.Geographic latitude, which provides the natural coordinate for describing any zonally averaged quantity
  • D.Longitude

Answer: B

Equivalent latitude assigns to each potential vorticity contour the latitude of a circle enclosing the same area, which converts a distorted material contour into a smooth coordinate. Averaging in that coordinate rather than in geographic latitude separates transport from reversible distortion. It is the standard framework for analysing the polar vortex and ozone depletion. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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