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Which circulation does that age distribution reveal?

  • A.The Walker circulation
  • B.The polar vortex, which is a zonal flow rather than a meridional overturning of the stratospheric air masses
  • C.The Brewer-Dobson circulation rising in the tropics and descending at high latitudes
  • D.The Hadley circulation, whose upper branch extends into the lower stratosphere within the tropical belt there

Answer: C

Young air in the tropical lower stratosphere and old air at high latitudes and high altitudes is exactly the pattern the wave driven Brewer-Dobson circulation produces. The age gradient quantifies the strength of that circulation. Whether it is accelerating under climate change is an active research question with implications for ozone recovery. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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