Discussion
A model trajectory is computed on an isentropic surface for a parcel that passes through an area of heavy rainfall.
What error is introduced?
Answer: B
Latent heat released by condensation raises the potential temperature of the parcel, moving it to a higher isentropic surface than the calculation assumes and invalidating the trajectory. Diabatic trajectory calculations are needed wherever cloud is present. This is the principal limitation of the isentropic method and the reason it is used mainly in the drier stratosphere. A limit that survives making every external component ideal is an intrinsic one, and worth knowing for that reason.
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