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Which signal does the annual cycle of that entry produce?

  • A.The tape recorder signal in stratospheric water vapour
  • B.The quasi-biennial oscillation of the equatorial winds, whose regimes descend through the lower stratosphere
  • C.The ozone hole
  • D.The semi-annual oscillation of the winds near the stratopause, which reverses twice during each calendar year

Answer: A

The annual cycle of cold point temperature imprints alternating moist and dry layers on the ascending air, and these propagate upward over several years like a signal on a tape. Tracking them gives a direct measurement of the tropical ascent rate. It is one of the few direct measurements of a large scale vertical velocity anywhere in the atmosphere.

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