Discussion
Chlorination of water is most effective at pH ______ because hypochlorous acid is formed at this pH.
Answer: B
Chlorination is most effective at about pH 7.
Chlorine in water forms hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the strongly germicidal form, and the hypochlorite ion (OCl-), which is far weaker. Near neutral pH, around 7, most of the chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid; as the pH rises above about 8 it changes increasingly into hypochlorite and disinfection falls sharply.
pH 10 and 14 are alkaline, where hypochlorite dominates. pH 4 is far too acidic for drinking water. So of the options, pH 7 is the one at which chlorination works best.
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