Discussion
The action of which class of enzyme inhibitors can be reversed by adding an excess of substrate?
Answer: B
The inhibition reversed by excess substrate is that of competitive inhibitors.
A competitive inhibitor binds the active site of the free enzyme, competing with the substrate. Raising the substrate concentration outcompetes it, so Vmax is still reached; only the apparent Km rises, by the factor 1 + [I]/Ki.
An uncompetitive inhibitor binds only the enzyme-substrate complex, so more substrate actually creates more of its target and both Vmax and Km fall. Allosteric (non-competitive) inhibitors bind elsewhere and lower Vmax whatever the substrate level. Non-specific inhibitors, such as denaturing agents, inactivate the enzyme and are not overcome by substrate.
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