Discussion
Which of the following enzymes catalyze the ADP-ribosylation of key cellular enzymes or proteins?
Answer: A
Correct answer: Diphtheria toxin and cholera toxin
Both toxins work by ADP-ribosylating a host protein. Diphtheria toxin modifies elongation factor 2 and so halts protein synthesis; cholera toxin modifies a G protein so that adenylate cyclase is locked on, cyclic AMP floods the cell, and the gut pours out water. In each case one covalent modification of a single protein produces the whole disease.
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