Discussion
Which law is being transformed when the equations of motion are written for a rotating Earth?
Answer: A
The equations of motion are Newton's second law expressed for a fluid parcel, with the acceleration measured in an inertial frame rewritten in terms of quantities measured on the rotating Earth. Doing so introduces the Coriolis and centrifugal terms as apparent accelerations moved to the force side of the equation. The first law of thermodynamics, the gas law and continuity are separate members of the governing set and undergo no such transformation, since none of them involves acceleration at all.
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