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Why does the Coriolis term carry a factor of two?

  • A.The Earth rotates twice as fast as the apparent motion of the sun across the sky each day would suggest
  • B.It is an empirical constant
  • C.The horizontal and the vertical components of the rotation vector each make an equal contribution
  • D.The rotation transformation is applied to both position and velocity

Answer: D

Differentiating the position vector once introduces one rotation term, and differentiating the resulting velocity again introduces a second identical term, so the two combine into a factor of two. The derivation is short and worth performing once, since the factor is otherwise a detail that looks arbitrary. The sidereal and solar day differ by only one part in three hundred and sixty five, and the two components of the rotation vector make quite unequal contributions.

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