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Which problem do spherical coordinates create at the poles?

  • A.The Coriolis parameter grows without limit as the latitude approaches ninety degrees of arc there
  • B.Gravity becomes undefined
  • C.The pressure gradient force can no longer be computed because the isobars converge to a single point
  • D.The longitude coordinate becomes singular

Answer: D

All meridians converge at the pole, so the longitudinal grid spacing shrinks to zero and the permissible time step collapses with it. Numerical models handle this with filtering, reduced grids or entirely different meshes such as the cubed sphere or icosahedral grids. The Coriolis parameter reaches a finite maximum of twice the rotation rate, gravity is perfectly well defined, and the pressure gradient is computable given a suitable representation of the field.

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