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Which technique estimates the relative importance of terms in the equations?

  • A.Perturbation expansion, in which the solution is written as a series in a small parameter of the flow
  • B.Scale analysis
  • C.Dimensional analysis, which determines the form of a relationship from the units of the quantities
  • D.Fourier decomposition

Answer: B

Scale analysis substitutes typical magnitudes for each variable and compares the resulting sizes of the terms, allowing small ones to be discarded. It is how geostrophic and hydrostatic balance are justified rather than assumed. Dimensional analysis addresses a different question, Fourier decomposition is a solution technique, and perturbation expansion is the formal machinery that scale analysis motivates but does not itself constitute. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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