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In an overexpanded nozzle, the gas reaches the exit plane at a pressure that is

  • A.Equal to the ambient pressure
  • B.Equal to the stagnation pressure
  • C.Below the ambient pressure, so oblique shocks form at the lip
  • D.Above the ambient pressure, so expansion fans form at the lip

Answer: C

Expanding too far leaves the gas below ambient pressure, and it must be recompressed, which oblique shocks springing from the nozzle lip accomplish. If the overexpansion is severe enough the shock moves inside and separates the flow from the nozzle wall, which is a real structural hazard at sea-level start-up.

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