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Wave drag on a supersonic aerofoil arises because

  • A.The lift vector is tilted by downwash
  • B.The pressure distribution leaves a net rearward force in inviscid flow
  • C.Skin friction rises sharply above Mach one
  • D.The boundary layer separates over the whole upper surface

Answer: B

In supersonic flow the pressures on forward-facing and rearward-facing surfaces no longer balance, and the residue is a drag that exists even with no viscosity and no finite span. It is quite distinct from induced drag, which needs a finite wing, and from friction drag, which needs viscosity.

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