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Assertion (A): Shock diamonds form in the exhaust of a rocket whose nozzle is not perfectly expanded.

Reason (R): Waves reflecting from the constant-pressure plume boundary return with their sense reversed.

Select the correct answer from the options below.

  • A.A is false but R is true
  • B.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  • C.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • D.A is true but R is false

Answer: B

Both statements are true and the second is the reason for the first. An expansion reflects from the free boundary as a compression and vice versa, so the plume oscillates between under- and over-pressure, producing the periodic bright regions. Viscous mixing eventually damps the pattern out.

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