Discussion
Assertion (A): An overexpanded rocket nozzle can suffer flow separation from its wall at sea level.
Reason (R): In an overexpanded nozzle the exit pressure is below the ambient pressure.
Select the correct answer from the options below.
Answer: C
Both are true and the second explains the first. The recompression needed to match ambient pressure is achieved by shocks, and if the mismatch is large enough the shock moves inside the nozzle and the adverse gradient tears the boundary layer off the wall. The resulting side loads are a genuine structural hazard at start-up.
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