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Consider the following statements about characteristics in steady supersonic flow:

1. They are inclined at the local Mach angle to the local flow direction.

2. There are two families, one running to each side of the flow.

3. They exist in subsonic flow as well.

Which of the statements given above is or are correct?

  • A.1 and 2 only
  • B.1 and 3 only
  • C.2 and 3 only
  • D.1, 2 and 3

Answer: A

The first two are correct and are what make the method of characteristics possible. The third is false for steady flow: the governing equations are elliptic below Mach one and have no real characteristics, which is precisely why subsonic flow feels a disturbance everywhere at once.

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