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Consider the following statements about the design of a rocket nozzle:

1. The area ratio fixes the exit Mach number for a given gas.

2. Perfect expansion occurs at only one ambient pressure.

3. A first stage is typically underexpanded at sea level.

Which of the statements given above is or are correct?

  • A.1, 2 and 3
  • B.1 and 2 only
  • C.1 and 3 only
  • D.2 and 3 only

Answer: B

The first two are correct. The third is the wrong way round: at sea level the ambient pressure is at its highest, so a nozzle sized for altitude is overexpanded near the ground and becomes underexpanded as the vehicle climbs and the ambient pressure falls away.

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