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The waves in a supersonic wind tunnel test section are minimised by

  • A.Roughening the tunnel walls
  • B.Operating the tunnel below the choking pressure ratio
  • C.Placing a normal shock upstream of the test section
  • D.Contouring the nozzle to cancel every wave

Answer: D

A well-designed nozzle contour absorbs each characteristic rather than reflecting it, so the test section receives uniform parallel flow at the design Mach number. Residual waves show up directly as Mach number non-uniformity across the model and are a principal measure of tunnel quality.

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