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Which stage of DENDRAL's method pruned the candidate space?

  • A.The final ranking of candidates by how closely each matched the observed spectrum overall
  • B.The initial parsing of the data
  • C.The chemist's review of the shortlist that the program presented at the end of its analysis
  • D.The heuristic constraints applied during generation

Answer: D

DENDRAL's plan step derived constraints from the spectrum and fed them into the structure generator, so impossible candidates were never enumerated at all. Generating everything and testing afterwards would have been hopeless for molecules of any size. Ranking, parsing and human review happen at other points and do not perform the pruning. The lesson that constraints belong inside the generator rather than after it recurs throughout artificial intelligence, from constraint satisfaction to modern program synthesis.

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