Discussion
Following are non-parametric tests :
(a) Kruskal-Wallis Test
(b) ANOVA
(c) Pearson's r
(d) Sign Test
(e) Man-Whitney Test
Codes :
Answer: D
The non-parametric tests among those listed are the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney test and the sign test, which is (a), (e) and (d), the fourth option. These tests do not assume that the data come from a normally distributed population. ANOVA and Pearson's r are parametric, since they assume a normal distribution and interval data, so the options containing (b) or (c) are wrong. The test of whether a method is parametric is whether it assumes a normal population, and all three of the methods in the key avoid that assumption, which makes them suitable for ranked or skewed data.
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