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Discussion

Vertical and curriculum centred approach is seen in :

  • A.Non-formal education
  • B.Informal education
  • C.Formal education
  • D.Adult education

Answer: C

The vertical, curriculum-centred approach is seen in formal education.

Formal education is the graded school and university system. It is vertical, a ladder of classes and levels from primary to higher education with entry at fixed ages, and curriculum-centred, with a prescribed syllabus, examinations and certificates.

Non-formal and adult education are flexible and learner-centred, built around the learner's needs and timing, and informal education is incidental learning from daily life, with no curriculum at all.

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