Discussion
Which of the following statements about emotions is correct in context of cognition?
Answer: C
The correct statement is that emotions modulate various aspects of cognition, however, degree and direction of effect depend on a range of factors.
Research shows that emotions affect attention, encoding, memory, retrieval, reasoning and motivation. Whether the effect helps or hinders, and how strongly, depends on the kind and intensity of the emotion, the task and the person; mild interest aids learning while intense anxiety can block it.
Emotions do affect attention (A) and motivation (B), so those statements are wrong. Option D is wrong because negative emotions such as fear or shame can harm learning; the effect is not always positive.
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