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Discussion

An elementary school teacher can strongly influence students' development of academic self-concept by :

  • A.Keeping very low expectations from all students
  • B.Punishing autonomy and initiative in students
  • C.Rewarding autonomy and initiative in students
  • D.Keeping very low expectations from special students

Answer: C

A teacher strengthens academic self-concept by rewarding autonomy and initiative in students.

Academic self-concept is a child's belief about his or her ability as a learner. Encouraging children to take initiative and act independently, and recognising those efforts, builds a sense of competence; this matches Erikson's stages of initiative and industry in the school years.

Low expectations, whether for all students or for children with special needs, teach children to see themselves as incapable, and punishing autonomy and initiative produces guilt and dependence rather than confidence.

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