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Cold working a fastener hole improves fatigue life by

  • A.Making the hole larger
  • B.Removing the stress concentration entirely
  • C.Softening the material
  • D.Leaving a compressive residual stress around the hole

Answer: D

Drawing an oversized mandrel through the hole yields the surrounding material, which then settles into compression as the bulk elastically recovers. Applied cycles must overcome that compression before the hole edge sees tension, and life improvements of several times are routine.

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