Discussion
A crack at \( 8 \) mm has a stress intensity of \( 28 \) MPa root m against a toughness of \( 30 \). The margin before unstable fracture is
Answer: A
Correct answer: About 7 per cent
\[ \frac{30 - 28}{30} = 0.067, \] that is about seven per cent. This is a very small margin against unstable fracture. Since the stress intensity grows as the square root of the crack length, a very small further extension consumes what remains, and any overload during that period would take the structure straight past the toughness.
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