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Match each life improvement measure in List I with its mechanism in List II.

List I

A. Cold working a hole

B. Shot peening

C. Interference-fit fastener

D. Generous corner radius

List II

1. Compressive residual stress in the surface layer

2. Compressive residual stress around the hole

3. Reduced stress concentration

4. Reduced stress range at the hole edge

Select the correct match.

  • A.A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
  • B.A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
  • C.A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
  • D.A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Answer: D

Three of the four work by residual stress or by reducing the range actually experienced, and only the last attacks the geometry itself. Combining them, as a fatigue-critical joint usually does, is more effective than any one alone.

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