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A fold is described as plunging when its axis is

  • A.inclined rather than horizontal
  • B.vertical rather than horizontal
  • C.horizontal rather than inclined
  • D.curved within the axial plane

Answer: A

Correct answer: inclined rather than horizontal

A fold axis need not be horizontal; where it is tilted the fold is said to plunge, and the amount is the angle of that inclination below the horizontal. On a map a plunging anticline appears as a nose closing in the direction of plunge, with the outcrop pattern forming a V or a horseshoe rather than parallel bands. Recognising the closure is what tells the mapper the fold plunges and which way.

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