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What is phase margin?

  • A.The gain below unity at the inversion frequency
  • B.The total phase shift through the amplifier at midband
  • C.The interval between the two dominant poles in octaves
  • D.The phase short of inversion at unity loop gain

Answer: D

Phase margin is how many degrees short of one hundred and eighty the phase has reached at the frequency where the loop gain passes through unity, and forty-five degrees or more is usually required. The second option describes gain margin, measured at a different frequency. Two margins measured at two frequencies, each reporting the loop's distance from oscillation, and quoting one where the other is meant makes a stability claim meaningless. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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