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An amplifier has open-loop gain \( 200 \) and feedback fraction \( 0.05 \). Its closed-loop gain is

  • A.18.2
  • B.20
  • C.10
  • D.200

Answer: A

Applying the feedback equation:

\[ A_{f} = \frac{200}{1 + 10} \approx 18.2 \]

giving 18.2, some nine per cent below the ideal twenty. A loop gain of only ten leaves a noticeable dependence on the open-loop gain, which is why a loop gain of a hundred or more is preferred where accuracy matters. The size of the departure from the ideal is itself a measure of how much feedback is present.

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