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Compensating that amplifier so unity gain occurs at \( 1 \ \mathrm{MHz} \) gives a margin of roughly

  • A.Thirty degrees
  • B.One hundred and twenty degrees
  • C.Forty-five degrees
  • D.Ninety degrees

Answer: B

At the lower crossover the first pole gives forty-five degrees and the second only fourteen:

\[ \begin{aligned} \phi &= 45^\circ + 14^\circ = 59^\circ \\ \text{margin} &= 180 - 59 = 121^\circ \end{aligned} \]

so about one hundred and twenty degrees, a very comfortable margin bought by giving up a factor of eight in bandwidth. Moving the crossover down to the first pole's own frequency is the standard dominant-pole answer, and this is the price it charges.

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