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Why does a long lead in the feedback path risk instability?

  • A.Its capacitance raises the closed-loop gain
  • B.Its inductance increases the open-loop gain
  • C.Its stray capacitance and inductance add phase shift
  • D.Its resistance reduces the feedback fraction

Answer: C

Extra phase shift anywhere in the loop brings the total closer to inversion at the crossover frequency and eats into the margin, and stray reactances in a long lead are as much part of the loop as any component. Its resistance is negligible beside the feedback resistor, and neither gain is affected. That layout is part of the circuit, not merely its packaging, is something feedback amplifiers demonstrate more sharply than most circuits. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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