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A loop's gain is \( 40 \ \mathrm{dB} \) at the frequency where its phase reaches inversion. Is it stable?

  • A.It cannot be determined without the closed-loop gain
  • B.No, the gain is far above unity there
  • C.Yes, provided the phase margin exceeds forty-five degrees
  • D.Yes, since forty decibels is a large gain margin

Answer: B

Stability requires the gain to be below unity where the phase inverts, and forty decibels is a factor of a hundred above it - so the loop will oscillate. A positive gain margin means the gain has fallen below one, which is a negative figure in decibels. Reading the sign of a decibel margin correctly is the whole of this item, and getting it backwards turns a certain oscillator into a claimed amplifier.

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