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Why is an operational amplifier designed with such a large open-loop gain?

  • A.So the loop gain is large at any useful closed-loop gain
  • B.So it can drive a low-impedance load without a buffer
  • C.So its input offset voltage becomes negligible
  • D.So its output can swing close to both supply rails

Answer: A

Everything feedback provides scales with the loop gain, which is the open-loop gain times the fraction, so a very large open-loop gain leaves a large loop gain even when the fraction is small and the closed-loop gain high. A gain of a hundred thousand still leaves a loop gain of a hundred at a closed-loop gain of a thousand. Load driving, offset and output swing are all separate specifications addressed by other parts of the design. Designing one parameter to excess so that a whole family of others can be traded from it is the economics of the operational amplifier.

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