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What is channel-length modulation?

  • A.The channel resistance varying with the gate voltage applied
  • B.The threshold voltage shifting with substrate bias
  • C.The gate capacitance changing as the channel forms
  • D.The effective channel shortening as drain voltage rises

Answer: D

Channel-length modulation is the depletion region at the drain end growing with drain voltage, shortening the effective channel and raising the current slightly - which gives the output characteristics their finite slope, exactly as the Early effect does in a bipolar device. The other options describe the ohmic region, the body effect and gate capacitance. Recognising an analogous mechanism across the two families saves learning each family's output resistance from scratch.

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