Discussion
Why has the supply voltage of digital circuits fallen steadily over the decades?
Answer: D
Because the energy per transition contains the supply voltage squared, halving the supply quarters the switching energy, which is a far larger saving than any other single change offers. Thresholds have in fact been scaled down along with the supply, oxides have become thinner rather than thicker, and channel resistance rises rather than falls as the supply is reduced. When a quantity appears squared in a power law, it is the first place to look for a saving, and that has driven the whole trajectory of the industry from five volts to under one.
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