Discussion
Absenteeism is :
(a) Intentional absence
(b) Un-intentional absence
(c) Habitual absence
(d) Un-authorised leave
Answer: A
The answer is (a), (c), (d): absenteeism is intentional, habitual and unauthorised absence.
Personnel management texts define absenteeism as the failure of a worker to report for duty when work is available and he is scheduled to work, without leave having been sanctioned. In that sense it is a deliberate choice (intentional), tends to recur (habitual) and is not covered by permission (unauthorised).
Unintentional absence, such as absence caused by an accident or a sudden illness, is usually treated as excusable and kept out of the definition, so options containing (b) are wrong. Options (a), (d) and (a), (c) are incomplete because each leaves out one of the three accepted features.
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