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He _______ have escaped by this window because it has been broken open.

  • A.need
  • B.dare
  • C.ought
  • D.must

Answer: D

The answer is must: 'He must have escaped by this window because it has been broken open.'

'Must have' with a past participle expresses a confident deduction about the past from present evidence: the broken window is the evidence.

'Need have' is used mainly in negatives and questions, 'dare have' is not used this way, and 'ought have' is ungrammatical (it would need 'ought to have', which expresses obligation, not deduction).

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