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The essential difference between an airfoil section and a finite wing is that the finite wing

  • A.Sheds trailing vorticity that induces a downwash over the span
  • B.Obeys the Kutta condition only at the wing root
  • C.Cannot develop circulation at any angle of attack
  • D.Has no pressure difference between upper and lower surfaces

Answer: A

A section is a two-dimensional idealisation with no spanwise flow. On a real wing the pressure difference between the surfaces cannot survive at the tip, so flow spills round it and the wing trails a sheet of vorticity. That sheet induces a downward velocity at the wing itself, and every finite-wing correction follows from it.

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