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In Prandtl's lifting-line theory the wing is replaced by

  • A.A bound vortex line of varying strength with a trailing vortex sheet
  • B.A single horseshoe vortex of constant strength across the span
  • C.A distribution of sources and sinks along the chord
  • D.A flat plate with no circulation

Answer: A

Prandtl represented the wing by a bound vortex line whose strength varies across the span. By Helmholtz's theorem a vortex filament cannot end in the fluid, so wherever the bound strength changes, vorticity is shed downstream. The result is a superposition of many horseshoe vortices, which together form a continuous trailing sheet.

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