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A single horseshoe vortex of constant strength is an inadequate model of a real wing because it predicts

  • A.A lift distribution that is exactly elliptical
  • B.An infinite downwash at the two wing tips
  • C.Zero lift at every spanwise station
  • D.Downwash only behind the wing root

Answer: B

With constant bound strength the whole circulation is shed as two concentrated line vortices at the tips. The velocity induced by a line vortex varies inversely with distance, so the downwash grows without limit as the tip is approached. Distributing the shed vorticity along the span removes the singularity and gives a physically sensible result.

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