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Among all lift distributions carrying the same total lift on the same span, minimum induced drag is given by

  • A.Any distribution
  • B.The elliptical distribution
  • C.A rectangular, uniform-loading distribution
  • D.A triangular distribution peaking at the tips

Answer: B

Induced drag depends on how the lift is spread, not merely on its total. Minimising the induced drag for a fixed lift and span leads to the elliptical loading, for which the downwash is uniform. Any departure from it raises the induced drag, which is expressed through a span efficiency factor less than one.

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