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In lifting-line theory the spanwise circulation distribution is normally expressed as

  • A.A single constant across the span
  • B.A polynomial in the free-stream Mach number
  • C.A Fourier sine series in a transformed spanwise coordinate
  • D.A power series in the chord length

Answer: C

The span is mapped onto an angular coordinate and the circulation written as a sine series, whose terms automatically vanish at both tips as they must. Substituting the series into the fundamental equation and satisfying it at a set of stations gives a linear system for the coefficients, from which lift and induced drag follow.

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