Discussion
Which lapse rate results from applying the first law to dry adiabatic ascent?
Answer: A
Setting the heat term to zero and substituting hydrostatic balance gives a lapse rate of \( g/c_p \), which is 9.81 divided by 1005, or 9.8 kelvin per kilometre. It is very nearly constant because gravity and the specific heat both vary little. The environmental lapse rate is a property of the observed atmosphere rather than of a parcel and is quite different. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.
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