Discussion
After absorbing a thermal neutron by 235U nucleus, the following fission reaction is induced :
\(^{235}_{92}\text{U} + n \rightarrow {}^{90}_{36}\text{Kr} + \text{X} + 2n\)
The fission fragment X is :
Answer: D
The fission fragment is \(^{144}\)Ba.
Mass number and charge must balance on both sides of the reaction:
\[ \begin{aligned} \text{mass:}\ 235 + 1 &= 90 + A + 2 \Rightarrow A = 144 \\ \text{charge:}\ 92 + 0 &= 36 + Z + 0 \Rightarrow Z = 56 \end{aligned} \]
Element 56 is barium, so X is \(^{144}_{56}\)Ba. Lanthanum (Z = 57), cerium (Z = 58) and caesium (Z = 55) have the wrong charge, and the 145 options also give the wrong mass number, by forgetting that two neutrons are released.
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