Discussion
Match the devices in Column I with the characteristics in Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| P. orifice meter | 1. high head loss and low cost |
| Q. venturi meter | 2. high head loss and high cost |
| 3. low head loss and high cost | |
| 4. low head loss and low cost |
Answer: D
The match is P - 1; Q - 3.
An orifice meter is just a thin plate with a hole clamped between flanges, so it is cheap to make and install. But the jet contracts sharply (the vena contracta) and then expands abruptly, so much of the pressure drop is never recovered: high head loss, low cost.
A venturi meter has a smooth converging section, a throat and a long gradual diffuser that recovers most of the pressure, so its permanent head loss is low; but it is long and precisely machined, so it is expensive. Options pairing the orifice with high cost or the venturi with low cost or high loss reverse these features.
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